HISTORY OF COMPUTER

Chronological development of the computer is divided into five periods of development. The first period (3000SM - 1943) started since the invention of the abacus in ancient China 3000 BC. Abacus is the first numerical calculators made by humans. This period ends when the development of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1943. ENIAC is the first electronic computers in the world.

The second period (1943-1971) started in developing EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), the first computer capable of storing programs. The next development, appeared a number of vacuum tube-based computers until the discovery of the microprocessor in 1971, the Intel 4004.


The third period (1972-1981) was marked by bermunculannya companies developing microprocessors and microcomputers such as Apple, Compaq, and Commodore. It ended when Peride found personal computer (PC) first by IBM in 1981.

The development of computers in the fourth period (1982-1990) led to the aspects of speed and reliability with the smaller dimensions and more user friendly. Computer development during this period is relatively slower than the previous period. This period ended in 1990, when the computer is becoming increasingly popular.

The last or fifth period (1991-present) marked by the growing popularity among the user's PC device. Computer functions shifted from machine-oriented professionals and the business grew into entertainment and educational devices. This phenomenon is supported by the development of telecommunications technologies to support interconnections terlaksanakan internet, thus increasing the rate of use and benefit from the use of computers in every aspect of human life.

The following chronology details the development of computers based on the years events.

1. Period 1 (3000SM-1943)
3000SM
Abacus discovery marked the beginning of the development of computers. Humans first time doing mathematical calculations with the help of abacus tool.
1500 Leonardo da Vinci discovered a mechanical calculator. The tool is the first computer that can perform simple operations matamatis
In 1621
Slide Rule discovery that is the origin of electronic calculators and used until 1970
1640 Blaise Pascal invented the arithmetic
In 1800
Jacquard punch cards to find the first that can be used to store data. Punch cards are used in the first electronic computer was found in 1940.
1822 Charles Babbage invented the differential that can be used to reduce the number of operations
1830 Charles Babbage invented the Analytical
1857 Sir Charles Wheatstone uses paper tape to store data. Technique similar to punch cards, paper tape only to be used in a roll without having to enter data on the cards one by one
1926 The first patent for a semiconductor transistor. The data represented by electrical signals
1936
John Dvorak keyboard to find the design easy to use
1937

* Alan Turing discovered turing tests to test whether something is human or not by asking questions like 'Do you have feelings?' Or 'Do you feel pain? "
* Konrad Zuse successfully complete electro-mechanical computer with the name of Z2, which then developed into a Z3 and Z4

1943

Electronic computer for various purposes (general-purpose computer) that first discovered the ENIAC. ENIAC weights more than 30 tons which consisted of 19,000 vacuum tubes, 1500 reai and requires 200 kilowatts of electricity.

2. Period 2 (1944-1971)
1944
Computer that can store programs for the first time we've found (EDVAC)
1948
UNIVAC was the first commercial computer.
1954 Texas Instruments produces the first silicon transistor
1963 Douglas Engelbart received a patent for the invention of the mouse as a pointing device
1964 John Kennedy and Thomas Kurtz develop BASIC programming language at Dartmouth College
IBM 1967 to find a floppy disk
1969 AT & T Bell Laboratories develop the UNIX operating system
1970

* Intel's first microprocessor built 4004
Intel produces chips that are DRAM 1103 which refers to the LSI technology

1971

* Niklaus Wirth find programming language PASCAL
* IBM to produce 8-inch floppy disks with a layer of iron oxide
* IBM 1102 to produce chips, programmable memory, and the ship in 1701, erasable ROM (EROM) 256-byte

3. Period 3 (1972-1981)
1972

* Intel 8008 chip 200KHz produced using 3500-based transistors 10-micron technology. Execution speed 60,000 instructions per second
* The first commercial video game was launched (Atari)
* 5.25-inch disks in circulation

1973

* Gary Kildall create a simple operating system with the language PL / M is called CP / M (Control Program / Monitor)
* IBM introduced the IBM 3340 hard disk (Winchester)
* Bob Metcalfe to invest with Ethernet system interconnect

1974

* Xerox Alto Computer build Bravo, the program's first personal computer with the concept WYSWYG ( 'What You See is What Get Yout')
* Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie develop the C programming language

1977

* Microsoft to produce Microsoft-based computers Fortram for CP / M
* Apple Computer produced Applesoft, a variant of BASIC with floating point capabilities

1980 Sony Electronics introduces the 3.5-inch floppy disk, double-sided, double density, and able to store 875 KB of data
4. Period 4 (1982-1990)
1982

* The first IBM PC Clone, the MPC is produced by Columbia Data Products
* Mouse Systems produced the first commercial mouse for the IBM PC
* Sony Electronics introduces the 3.5-inch floppy disk, double-sided, double density, and capable of storing 1 MB of data
* Laboratory of AT & T Bell designing C + +
* IBM to produce the IBM PC-XT Model 370
* Novel Netware introduced, Network Operating System for the IBM PC
* Wang to find Single In-line Memory Module (SIMMs)

1984

* IBM PC-AT produces 80,286
* IBM discovered Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) with a resolution of 640 x 340 in 16 color
* Hewlett-Packard introduces the LaserJet laser printer with 300 dpi resolution
* Philips to produce a CD ROM player for your PC
* The Massachusetts Institute of Technology began building the X Window System

1985

* IBM 80386DX microprocessors produced using a 16 MHz 32-bit registers and data bus width 32 bits
* IBM introduces Token Ring network topology
* Novel produces NetWare network operating system 2.0

Standardization 1986 ANSI X3.131-1986 for the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI-1)
1987

* Intel introduces the 20 MHz 80386DX microprocessor
* IBM introduced the IBM Personal System / 2 (PS / 2)
* IBM published a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA)
* IBM and Microsoft published the Operating System / 2 (OS / 2)
* Microsoft produces Microsoft Windows 2.0
* Sun Microsystems introduced the first computers based on SPARC, Sun-4/260 with 10 MIPS performance
* Microsoft produces Microsoft Bookshelf, CD-ROM application of the first
* Microsoft produces Microsoft Windows/386
* Microsoft produces Microsoft Word 4.0 for PCs
* Intel introduces math Coprocessor 80,387

1988

* ANSI formally make the SCSI standard
* Apple Computer products to produce the first Ethernet network, Ethertalk Card for Macintosh computers
* Spectrum Holobyte produce Tetris, the first game software imported from the Soviet Union
* Intel 80386DX microprocessor produces 25 MHz with 8.5 MIPS execution speed
* Microsoft produces MS-DOS 4.0 with graphical interface
* Intel 80386SX microprocessor produces 16 MHz with 2.5 MIPS performance
* Compaq Computer introduced the first laptop PC with VGA graphics
* Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is used as a standard bus for IBM PC AT

1989

* The emergence of the VESA graphics standard that can access SuperVGA chipset with a uniform method
* Intel produces microprocessors 80,486
* Microsoft produces Microsoft Word 5.0 for DOS
* The emergence of Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), which establish standards for the PC memory card
* Creative Labs introduces the Sound Balster, mono sound card for 8-bit PC

1990

* Intel introduces 33 MHz microprocessor with 80,486 performance 27 MIPS
* Microsoft Windows 3.0 Microsoft mempoduksi
* IEEE approved the specifications Ethenet 10Base-T
* IBM launched the MCA XGA graphics card to replace VGA with the ability of 640 x 480 resolution and 1024 x 768 that can show both color 65536th

5. Period 5 (1991-present)
1991

* Advanced Micro designing Am386DX, cloce from Intel 386DX chip, a speed of 20 and 40 MHz
* Microsoft produces MS-DOS 5.0 with full-screen editor facility, undelete, unformat, and task swapping. GW-BASIC is replaced with Microsoft-based QBasic QuickBASIC
* Intel produces microprocessors 50 MHz 486 MIPS and 41 speed-based 0.8-micron technology
* Microsoft change the name of operating system built with IBM's OS / 2 v3.0 to Mwindows NT 3.0
* Apple Computer System produces 7.0 for the Macintosh operating system
* The emergence of standardization of PCMCIA 2.0
* Birth stndaisasi Multimedia PC (MPC)
* Technology introduced the MIPS R4000 100 MHz 64-bit
* Creative Labs introduced the Sound Blaster Pro Deluxe, stereo PC sound card first
* Hewlett-Packard introduced the first color scanner, HP Scanjet IIC with 400 dpi resolution 24 bit
* Intel introduces the Peripheral Component Inetconnect (PCI), local bus stand to the PC with the speed of 8-33 MHz which can serve a maximum of 10 devices

1992

* NEC introduced a CD-ROM drive double speed in the first




* Intel introduced the microprocessor i486DX2 with 25/50 MHz clock speed of 41 MIPS

* Microsoft launches Windows 3.1
* Advanced Micro Devices began designing fifth-generation x86 processor (a Pentium class)
* Intel produces microprocessors i486DX2 speed of 66 MHz with 54 MIPS
* Overdrive Intel produces chips for 66 MHz 486SX/33

1993

* Intel Pentium processor produced by 32-bit register 64-bit data bus 4 GB of address space. Built with 3.1 million ransistor BiCMOS 0.8 micron technology. The speed of 60 MHz (100 MIPS) and 66 MHz (112 MIPS)
* Microsoft produces Windows NT 3.1
* PCI Special Interest Group completed the PCI local bus standard version 2.0
* Gateway 2000 introduces the system VESA VL-bus first

1994

* Microsoft Windows melucurkan Ms. 3:11




* Intel processor i435DX4 produce 70.7 MIPS 100 MHz built 1.6 million transistors with 0.6-micron technology



* Microsoft MS-DOS produce 6:22 with a compression utility DriveSpace
* Microsoft launches Windows NT Workstation 3.5 and Windows NT Server 3.5
* IBM launched OS / 2 Warp version 3
* SCSI-2 Standardization of birth




* Apple Computer, Motorola and IBM to produce a computer that can execute a variety of operating systems except windows by using the Power PC microprocessor



* Iomega Corp. introduced the Zip drive and Zip disk with 100MB size


1995

* Intel introduces the P6 processor the Pentium Pro




* Iomega Jaz drive and launch the disk with a capacity of 1GB



* Microsoft released Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95 and Ms Office 95
* Birth of standardization DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)




* Sony Electronics introduced the Playstation, 32-bit game system



* Sega Saturn introduced, 32-bit game system

1996


* Santa Cruz launched the SCA Unixware 2.1




* Nintendo introduced the Nintendo 64, the system 64-bit game console



* Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0



* Microsoft launches Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0, and Ms Office 97
* Microsoft launches Windows CE (Consumer Electronics) operating system hand-held PC.




* Advanced Micro Devices introduces the K6 processor with 16 and 32 bit MMX, cache memory 32 is equivalent to Pentium



* Cyric introduced M2 processors with 16 and 32 bit, cache memory 64 is equivalent to Pentium

1997

* Apple Computer released Mac OS 8.0
* Apple introduced the G3 processor with twice the speed Pentium II chip

1998

* Microsoft launches Windows 98




* Apple Computer launched the iMac



* Intel launched the Pentium II 300, 333, 400, 450